Pre-treatment: Raw Water Pump: To draw water from the raw source and push it into the system. Sand Filter: To remove large impurities, sand, and suspended solids. Carbon Filter: To remove chlorine, taste, odor, and organic matter. Water Softener / Inhibitor Dosing Pump: To precipitate calcium and magnesium and prevent membrane fouling. Micro Filtration: Cartridge Filters: Usually with a 5-micron rating to remove any remaining fine suspended solids before water enters the membranes. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Unit: High Pressure Pump: Pushes water at high pressure through the desalination membranes. Membranes: Separate salts, heavy metals, and bacteria from the pure water. Post-treatment and Sterilization: UV Sterilizer or Chlorine Injection: To ensure the water is completely free of bacteria and germs before use. Control Panel: Contains flowmeters, pressure gauges, and a screen for automatic system control.